When preparing a WAV file for a beat (instrumental), the levels should be properly set to avoid distortion and ensure sufficient headroom for further processing or vocals. Here’s how to manage the levels effectively:

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1. Optimal Levels for a WAV Beat
   •    Peak Level:
   •    Ensure the beat’s loudest parts peak between -6 dBFS and -3 dBFS.
   •    This leaves headroom for mixing, especially if vocals or additional elements will be added later.
   •    Average Level (RMS/LUFS):
   •    Aim for an RMS level of -18 dBFS to -14 dBFS or around -14 to -12 LUFS integrated for dynamics and balance.
   •    Avoid making the beat overly loud or compressed if it’s being sent for mixing.

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2. Why These Levels Matter
   •    Headroom:
   •    Headroom ensures the engineer can mix in vocals or other elements without the risk of clipping or distortion.
   •    Dynamic Range:
   •    Keeping some dynamics allows for a punchier and more professional final mix.
   •    Flexibility for Mastering:
   •    A quieter mix gives mastering engineers room to enhance the track without issues.

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3. Preparing the WAV File
   •    No Limiting or Mastering:
   •    Avoid heavy limiting or “pre-mastering” unless explicitly requested. A lightly compressed mix is fine, but leave space for additional processing.
   •    Mono Compatibility:
   •    Check for mono compatibility to ensure the beat sounds good on all playback systems.
   •    Export Settings:
   •    Sample Rate: 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz (higher if requested).
   •    Bit Depth: Export at 24-bit for better dynamic range and quality (16-bit if needed for compatibility).
   •    File Format: WAV (lossless and uncompressed).

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4. Final Check
   •    Listen to the WAV file on different systems (headphones, monitors, car speakers) to ensure the levels are consistent and the beat sounds clean without distortion.
   •    Avoid excessive bass or harsh highs, as they can interfere with vocals when added later.

Summary
   •    Peak Level: -6 dBFS to -3 dBFS.
   •    RMS/LUFS: -18 to -14 dBFS or -14 to -12 LUFS.
   •    Ensure headroom, avoid heavy limiting, and export in high-quality WAV format for flexibility during mixing and mastering.